3D General Surface Multiple Prediction (GSMP) is a full 3D implementation of SRME which accurately predicts complex multiples, including diffracted and scattered multiple energy.
This technology successfully overcomes the challenges of sparse, missing or irregular field data to be a truly flexible technology, allowing 3D GSMP to give truly outstanding results in all geophysical situations, including:
- Wide-azimuth or conventional towed-streamer surveys
- Any degree of structural complexity
- Any degree of cable feathering
- All water depths
Minimal pre-processing is required, as interpolation, regularization and extrapolation is carried out on-the-fly.
Critical to the quality of the multiple model, 3D GSMP predicts the multiples at true azimuth, ensuring that the multiple model accurately matches the multiples in the input data.
In areas with complex imaging challenges, 3D GSMP also ensures the preservation of complex primary events, such as double bounces, which may be removed with techniques such as conventional or shifted-apex Radon demultiple. This means that high-end imaging algorithms, such as Reverse Time Migration, can correctly migrate these events for the best possible reservoir image.
Case Study
This example demonstrates a classic multiple attenuation challenge; a complex, high amplitude, scattered multiple wavefield obscures the reservoir zone. The images below show just how effective the 3D GSMP technique can be in removing complex multiples.
Multi-survey GSMP – Preferential Choosing of Data
In areas where there are multiple overlapping vintages of data or large infill volumes, one dataset will often have, for example, a better signal-to-noise ratio or a better offset distribution than another. The newest feature of our 3D GSMP general surface multiple prediction workflow allows the user to make preferential choices of superior input data when modeling multiples for multisurvey and 4D projects.
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about True-azimuth 3D General Surface Multiple Prediction (GSMP).